Lucanus: de bello civili (pharsalia) lucan (born a. D. 39 in cordoba, spain), brother of the famous stoic philosopher seneca, was well-known as a writer and moved in the circles close to the emperor nero. In a. D. 62 or 63 he published the first three books of his epic poem composed in hexameters, de bello civili (greek: pharsalia), in which he describes the civil war between caesar and pompey. Lucan's work was much read in the middle ages and in the wake of the italian humanism of the trecento. The present version of de bello civili was completed in 1373 in bologna. Its illustrations by niccolò da bologna show the typical characteristics of the bolognese school of manuscript illumination, which produced attractive paintings with spontaneous touches, and a naturalism that repeatedly pushes purely decorative elements into the background. The miniature on folio 86v shows caesar, the victor over pompey at the battle of pharsalos. The artist shows the scene from a bird's eye perspective and succeeds in creating a consistent representation of space. Date: 14th century.
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