"Shah Ismail at the Battle of Chaldiran", from Bijan’s Tarikh-i Jahangusha-yi Khaqan Sahibqiran, Muin Musavvir, end of the 1680s

The last miniature illustrates the important battle at chaldiran in august 1514. The ottoman turks under selim i won a decisive victory over shah ismail and young safavid iran. It was a serious blow for ismail, who had almost divine status among his shiite followers. The battle was more or less won for sultan selim, seen at the top left corner, because of the turks’ superior artillery, and muin musawwir leaves us in no doubt that it was in fact shah ismail who was the bravest warrior. Created in iran, isfahan; end of the 1680s. Date: end of the 1680s.