Monomakh's cap. Late 13th – early 14th century. Chromolithograph. 1840s. Monomakh's cap, or the crown of the grand dukes and tsars of russia the hereditary crown of russia is a golden crown, royal or caesar's. Under this name, it is mentioned in all surviving spiritual charters of the grand dukes, who blessed their eldest sons with the life-giving cross, a golden cap, barmas, a cross-shaped chain, and a heart-shaped crab. The first mention of the royal golden cap, called the monomakh's cap, is found in the nikon chronicle of the 17th century, when describing the appointment (1498) of dmitry ivanovich, the grandson of grand duke ivan iii, to the grand duchy: they placed on him the monomakh's barmas and cap. But the main basis for this name is the legend "on the installation of the great princes of russia to the great reign with the holy barmas and the royal crown, whence it was and how they began to be installed. " this legend, in which, it should be noted, the moscow grand reign is not mentioned, is included in the "official of the installation to the grand reign", written before the patriarchs, in the charter of the election of tsar mikhail fedorovich, in the ranks and installation to the kingdom of tsars alexei mikhailovich, fedor alekseevich and in the coronation to the kingdom of tsars ivan and peter. Everywhere, with the exception of the charter of the election of tsar boris fedorovich godunov to the kingdom, the legend is repeated about the campaign to thrace, not contemporary to vladimir vsevolodovich, carried out by vladimir yaroslavich, and about the sending of regalia from constantine monomakh. Although the title of equal to the apostles was inseparable from the first-crowned and the hereditary royal crown should have been called the crown of vladimir the saint, but either because it was preserved in the monomakh family or was actually sent to vladimir monomakh by emperor alexei comnenus, as the synopsis mentions, the name of the monomakh's cap became customary for him and in the old inventories of the royal treasury. In the inventory of the sovereign's large attire, written from previous inventories, in 1642, by decree of tsar mikhail fedorovich to accept the management of the sovereign's large attire to boyar fyodor ivanovich sheremetev, it is said about the monomakh's cap: "the monomakh's cap is gold-plated with stones and grains, furred with sable, lined with worm-like satin. " in the inventory of the treasury of the blessed memory of tsar ivan alekseevich compiled by the decree of the sovereign tsar and grand duke peter alekseevich on february 6, 1696, by the chamberlain alexei mikhailovich tatishchev and the solicitor with the key leonty bogdanovich plokhov, the description of the monomakh cap is as follows: “the tsar’s gold-fabricated monomakh cap, on it is a smooth gold cross, on it at the ends and at the bottom are four gurmitsky grains, and in it are stones in gold sockets, above the apple is yellow yakhont, azure yakhont, lal, between them are three gurmitsky grains, and on it are four emeralds, two lal, two yakhont barks in gold sockets, twenty-five gurmitsky grains on gold backs, a sable border, lined with worm-like satin, the wooden sheath is covered with grass velvet, the bookmarks and hooks are silver. " this description fully corresponds to the current state of the crown and its decorations. The crown of the crown is made up of eight oblong triangular, filigree gold boards, connected by sharp ends under a gold apple, above which is a smooth gold cross with large pearls on the ends and at the foot. On the apple in nests with backs are three large stones: azure yachont, yellow yachont and lalu; between the stones in the nests with backs are three large pearls. On each of the eight boards that make up the crown, we see a large stone, including two worm-shaped yachonts, four emeralds and two lalu. The stones are surrounded by pearls in the form of triangles; on seven boards there are three pearls, on the eighth - four. Sable hat trim. Date: 19th century.
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