The state of monomakh the state, the symbol of the consecrated cross dominance over the earth, is called the tsar's golden sovereign apple, or the apple of the sovereign, in the ordinations of the kingdom, and in the old inventories of the tsar's great treasury - the apple of the great power. The idea of universal religious dominance belongs to christianity, and therefore its symbol appeared in the time of augustus and was expressed in rome by the image of victory on a ball representing the earth, but from the time of the establishment of christianity in constantinople, omnipotence was marked by a cross overshadowing the world. Until the 11th century, the states of the greek emperors had a large cross, similar to the described "state of the russian kingdom", sent from greece and bearing the name "monomakh's"; after the 11th century, as can be seen on coins, the states have a resemblance to the one depicted under no. 24, with a small cross. This form of the russian royal orb, as well as the byzantine enamel decorations, which later served as a model for similar works in venice, serve as a precious monument of 10th century art. The great power apple is decorated with fifty-eight greek-cut diamonds, eighty-nine worm-shaped yachonts, twenty-three azure yachonts, fifty emeralds and thirty-seven pearls, in gold enamel nests. In the four triangular fields of the apple are enamel images: 1) the anointing of david by the prophet samuel to the throne; 2) victory over goliath; 3) return from victory; 4) persecution by king saul. The orb is 13 vershoks in circumference, the height with the cross is 9 1/2 vershoks. Around the plaques on all four sides are symbolic images of an eagle, a lion, a griffin and a unicorn. In the inventory of 1642 of the great treasury of tsar and grand duke mikhail fedorovich it is stated: "apple of chased gold with enamel, on it a cross - the state of the russian kingdom; near the apple and the cross stones: diamonds and cherubs, azure and emeralds and gurmitsky grains, french work. Rn`l year (1643), may 25, by the decree of the sovereign tsar and grand duke mikhail fedorovich of all rus', by order of the boyar fyodor ivanovich sheremetev, it was taken to the prikaz of the sovereign's grand gold work along with the apple chased gold to re-fasten the stones that are loose, and to reposition the cross on the apples for that which is loose. And in the goldsmith's office, the loose stones in the apple were refastened, and the cross on the apple was repositioned; two golden bows were changed under the cross above the apple, and two new golden bows were put in that place, the weight of the new bows was four zolotniks, and one and a half zolotniks in the old ones. On the 4th day of june, the apple was taken from the goldsmith's office to the treasury, and the old two golden bows were given to the clerk bogdan silin in the goldsmith's office; the clerk took it. And upon examination of boyar fyodor ivanovich sheremetev, and treasurer bogdan minich dubrovsky, and clerks grigory pankratyev, and almaz ivanov - above the apple in the cross there are 18 small diamonds, 36 small worm-shaped sapphires, 10 medium-sized azure sapphires, 22 medium and small emeralds, 21 large and medium gurmitskoe grains; on the upper half of the apple under the cross there are 52 small worm-shaped sapphires, 32 small diamonds, 15 medium and small emeralds, 9 medium azure sapphires; 30 small pearls. In the lower half of the apple there are 8 small diamonds, 4 worm-shaped sapphires, 4 medium azure sapphires, 16 small emeralds. " this inventory corresponds to the current state of the state, except that the cross is missing three "not large" sapphires, two emeralds and fourteen burmitz grains. In the upper half there is one small diamond, two emeralds and one pearl missing. In the inventory of 1725 this apple was valued at 1,630 rubles, excluding the two sapphires, two emeralds and six burmitz grains missing from the cross, as compared to the first inventory. Http://moskov-tsarstvo. Livejournal. Com/51215. Html antiquities of the russian country, 1846-1853. Volume 2. Illustrator — ru: solntsev, fyodor grigorievich. Date: between 1846 and 1853.
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