Silver bratina of the 15th century (kept in the novgorod sophia cathedral) the bratina is called in the inscription on the print, in köppen - kratyr, this silver gilded vessel with two handles, more like a foot, or dostokan, which were used to draw epiphany water; because the bratina itself was a round, cubic vessel, similar to a pot. Sometimes it was taken for a certain measure of liquid substances (which was less than a foot), was placed at monastic and bishop's meals, and served there as a cup. Common, fraternal, circular cups, under the name of the mother of god, or the most pure, refectory, troparion, health, etc. , were offered to those present in turn and passed from hand to hand. The most pure cup with wine or honey was served at royal, bishops' and monastery tables in honor and glory of the most pure mother of god, especially on mother of god feasts; it was called troparion because of the singing of troparia during this action. St. Theodosius of the caves allowed three troparion cups in his monastery, one in honor of jesus christ, another in honor of the most pure mother of god, and the third for the health of the prince. Byzantine historians call the latter a zdravitsa, a health cup. At royal tables in moscow, the patriarch, while reading the canonarch, acted over the cup of the most pure. Thus, the novgorod krater probably served as such a cup or was used to draw holy water. The lithochrome krater here, half the natural size, is remarkable for its art, special intricacy and beauty of the armor work. In the first place, on the outer demarcated walls, there are images of jesus christ, blessing with one hand and holding the gospel in the other, then the mother of god with her hands outstretched in prayer, then saint peter with a staff and a scroll in his hand and saint barbara and saint nastasїm with crosses in their hands. The size of the figures does not exceed six heads. Around them are chased patterns in the byzantine style, consisting of birds and intertwined leaves and flowers. The top of the tray embraces a bafta of chased bones. Along the rim, or crown, there is an inscription, which we suggest from a photograph by mr. Solntsev: pente nz nem vsi, se est est ibis kruv mot nogo zav`ta; then on the tray: @ s s s u s i d s petrova. Judging by the first inscription, this vessel must be a service chalice, but its very shape and name indicate its other purpose in the sacred rite, namely, that which the kratyrs had. Probably, an illiterate artist removed the inscription from some ancient chalice, on which it is usually depicted, but did not forget to inscribe his name on the bottom of the vessel in the following commonly used formula: gi` pomozi svobou konstantinu. Kostm dtlal. Amen. As for the depositor petrov, we do not know his historical significance; about the guest of the same name and contemporary with him petrov, the "nizhny novgorod chronicle" mentions in the 15th century that "he was no longer among the guests, that he bought off many prisoners with his treasury, acquired for himself by purchase an estate from the prince beyond the kudma river, on the river on sundovan six villages; then he moved to moscow. " we cannot decide whether these are the same person or different ones. The saints depicted on the crater undoubtedly relate to the family of the creator of this utensil; because contributors often depicted the faces of their namesake saints on church utensils and icons. Although the cathedral inventory says that the crater was made with the diligence of archbishop euthymius, it is unknown whose: whether euthymius, nicknamed the bearded, from 1423 to 1429, or euthymius the saint, from 1429 to 1458; the inscription on the vessel itself says nothing about this. Another similar crater was donated by petrilov and his wife varvara, and was made by frol bratilov, as stated in the inscription itself. Thus, two hitherto unknown names of konstantin and florus must be included in the list of russian artists, where honorable places are occupied by kozma, paramsha, shishka, makar, etc. The writing on both vessels is similar to each other, but the latter does not have the letter ie found on the first; instead of the letters o and e, ъ is used. Date: 1846—1853.
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